A continuación teneis los comandos mas frecuentes de los router Cisco, buena información para tu certificación CCNA o CCNP.
TERMINAL CONTROLS:
Config# terminal editing - allows for enhanced editing commands Config# terminal monitor - shows output on telnet session Config# terminal ip netmask-format hexadecimal|bit-count|decimal - changes the format of subnet masks
HOST NAME:
Config# hostname ROUTER_NAME
BANNER:
Config# banner motd # TYPE MESSAGE HERE # - # can be substituted for any character, must start and finish the message
DESCRIPTIONS:
Config# description THIS IS THE SOUTH ROUTER - can be entered at the Config-if level
CLOCK:
Config# clock timezone Central -6
# clock set hh:mm:ss dd month yyyy - Example: clock set 14:35:00 25 August 2003
CHANGING THE REGISTER:
Config# config-register 0x2100 - ROM Monitor Mode Config# config-register 0x2101 - ROM boot Config# config-register 0x2102 - Boot from NVRAM
BOOT SYSTEM:
Config# boot system tftp FILENAME SERVER_IP - Example: boot system tftp 2600_ios.bin 192.168.14.2 Config# boot system ROM Config# boot system flash - Then - Config# reload
CDP:
Config# cdp run - Turns CDP on Config# cdp holdtime 180 - Sets the time that a device remains. Default is 180 Config# cdp timer 30 - Sets the update timer.The default is 60 Config# int Ethernet 0 Config-if# cdp enable - Enables cdp on the interface Config-if# no cdp enable - Disables CDP on the interface Config# no cdp run - Turns CDP off
HOST TABLE:
Config# ip host ROUTER_NAME INT_Address - Example: ip host lab-a 192.168.5.1
-or- Config# ip host RTR_NAME INT_ADD1 INT_ADD2 INT_ADD3 - Example: ip host lab-a 192.168.5.1 205.23.4.2 199.2.3.2 - (for e0, s0, s1)
DOMAIN NAME SERVICES:
Config# ip domain-lookup - Tell router to lookup domain names Config# ip name-server 122.22.2.2 - Location of DNS server Config# ip domain-name cisco.com - Domain to append to end of names
CLEARING COUNTERS:
# clear interface Ethernet 0 - Clears counters on the specified interface # clear counters - Clears all interface counters # clear cdp counters - Clears CDP counters
STATIC ROUTES:
Config# ip route Net_Add SN_Mask Next_Hop_Add - Example: ip route 192.168.15.0 255.255.255.0 205.5.5.2 Config# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Next_Hop_Add - Default route
-or- Config# ip default-network Net_Add - Gateway LAN network
IP ROUTING:
Config# ip routing - Enabled by default Config# router rip
-or- Config# router igrp 100 Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config-if# ip address 122.2.3.2 255.255.255.0 Config-if# no shutdown
IPX ROUTING:
Config# ipx routing Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config# ipx maximum-paths 2 - Maximum equal metric paths used Config-if# ipx network 222 encapsulation sap - Also Novell-Ether, SNAP, ARPA on Ethernet. Encapsulation HDLC on serial Config-if# no shutdown
ACCESS LISTS:
| IP Standard | 1-99 |
| IP Extended | 100-199 |
| IPX Standard | 800-899 |
| IPX Extended | 900-999 |
| IPX SAP Filters | 1000-1099 |
IP STANDARD:
Config# access-list 10 permit 133.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 - allow all src ip’s on network 133.2.2.0
-or-
Config# access-list 10 permit host 133.2.2.2 - specifies a specific host
-or-
Config# access-list 10 permit any - allows any address
Config# int Ethernet 0 Config-if# ip access-group 10 in - also available: out
IP EXTENDED:
Config# access-list 101 permit tcp 133.12.0.0 0.0.255.255 122.3.2.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet
-protocols: tcp, udp, icmp, ip (no sockets then), among others
-source then destination address
-eq, gt, lt for comparison
-sockets can be numeric or name (23 or telnet, 21 or ftp, etc)
-or-
Config# access-list 101 deny tcp any host 133.2.23.3 eq www
-or-
Config# access-list 101 permit ip any any
Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config-if# ip access-group 101 out
IPX STANDARD:
Config# access-list 801 permit 233 AA3 - source network/host then destination network/host
-or-
Config# access-list 801 permit -1 -1 - “-1” is the same as “any” with network/host addresses
Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config-if# ipx access-group 801 out
IPX EXTENDED:
Config# access-list 901 permit sap 4AA all 4BB all
- Permit protocol src_add socket dest_add socket
-“all” includes all sockets, or can use socket numbers
-or-
Config# access-list 901 permit any any all any all
-Permits any protocol with any address on any socket to go anywhere
Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config-if# ipx access-group 901 in
IPX SAP FILTER:
Config# access-list 1000 permit 4aa 3 - “3” is the service type
-or-
Config# access-list 1000 permit 4aa 0 - service type of “0” matches all services
Config# interface Ethernet 0 Config-if# ipx input-sap-filter 1000 - filter applied to incoming packets
-or-
Config-if# ipx output-sap-filter 1000 - filter applied to outgoing packets
NAMED ACCESS LISTS:
Config# ip access-list standard LISTNAME
-can be ip or ipx, standard or extended
-followed by the permit or deny list Config# permit any
Config-if# ip access-group LISTNAME in
-use the list name instead of a list number
-allows for a larger amount of access-lists
PPP SETUP:
Config-if# encapsulation ppp Config-if# ppp authentication chap pap
-order in which they will be used
-only attempted with the authentification listed
-if one fails, then connection is terminated Config-if# exit Config# username Lab-b password 123456
-username is the router that will be connecting to this one
-only specified routers can connect
-or-
Config-if# ppp chap hostname ROUTER Config-if# ppp chap password 123456
-if this is set on all routers, then any of them can connect to any other
-set same on all for easy configuration
ISDN SETUP:
Config# isdn switch-type basic-5ess - determined by telecom Config# interface serial 0 Config-if# isdn spid1 2705554564 - isdn “phonenumber” of line 1 Config-if# isdn spid2 2705554565 - isdn “phonenumber” of line 2 Config-if# encapsulation PPP - or HDLC, LAPD
DDR - 4 Steps to setting up ISDN with DDR
- Configure switch type
Config# isdn switch-type basic-5ess - can be done at interface config
- Configure static routes
Config# ip route 123.4.35.0 255.255.255.0 192.3.5.5 - sends traffic destined for 123.4.35.0 to 192.3.5.5
Config# ip route 192.3.5.5 255.255.255.255 bri0 - specifies how to get to network 192.3.5.5 (through bri0)
- Configure Interface
Config-if# ip address 192.3.5.5 255.255.255.0
Config-if# no shutdown
Config-if# encapsulation ppp
Config-if# dialer-group 1 - applies dialer-list to this interface
Config-if# dialer map ip 192.3.5.6 name Lab-b 5551212
connect to lab-b at 5551212 with ip 192.3.5.6 if there is interesting traffic
can also use “dialer string 5551212” instead if there is only one router to connect to
- Specify interesting traffic
Config# dialer-list 1 ip permit any
-or-
Config# dialer-list 1 ip list 101 - use the access-list 101 as the dialer list
- Other Options
Config-if# hold-queue 75 - queue 75 packets before dialing
Config-if# dialer load-threshold 125 either
-load needed before second line is brought up
-“125” is any number 1-255, where % load is x/255 (ie 125/255 is about 50%)
-can check by in, out, or either
Config-if# dialer idle-timeout 180
-determines how long to stay idle before terminating the session
-default is 120
FRAME RELAY SETUP:
Config# interface serial 0 Config-if# encapsulation frame-relay - cisco by default, can change to ietf Config-if# frame-relay lmi-type cisco - cisco by default, also ansi, q933a Config-if# bandwidth 56
Config-if# interface serial 0.100 point-to-point - subinterface Config-if# ip address 122.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 Config-if# frame-relay interface-dlci 100
-maps the dlci to the interface
-can add BROADCAST and/or IETF at the end
Config-if# interface serial 1.100 multipoint Config-if# no inverse-arp - turns IARP off; good to do Config-if# frame-relay map ip 122.1.1.2 48 ietf broadcast
-maps an IP to a dlci (48 in this case)
-required if IARP is turned off
-ietf and broadcast are optional Config-if# frame-relay map ip 122.1.1.3 54 broadcast
SHOW COMMANDS
Show access-lists - all access lists on the router Show cdp - cdp timer and holdtime frequency Show cdp entry * - same as next Show cdp neighbors detail - details of neighbor with ip add and ios version Show cdp neighbors - id, local interface, holdtime, capability, platform portid Show cdp interface - int’s running cdp and their encapsulation Show cdp traffic - cdp packets sent and received Show controllers serial 0 - DTE or DCE status Show dialer - number of times dialer string has been reached, other stats Show flash - files in flash Show frame-relay lmi - lmi stats Show frame-relay map - static and dynamic maps for PVC’s Show frame-relay pvc - pvc’s and dlci’s Show history - commands entered Show hosts - contents of host table Show int f0/26 - stats of f0/26 Show interface Ethernet 0 - show stats of Ethernet 0 Show ip - ip config of switch Show ip access-lists - ip access-lists on switch Show ip interface - ip config of interface Show ip protocols - routing protocols and timers Show ip route - Displays IP routing table Show ipx access-lists - same, only ipx Show ipx interfaces - RIP and SAP info being sent and received, IPX addresses Show ipx route - ipx routes in the table Show ipx servers - SAP table Show ipx traffic - RIP and SAP info Show isdn active - number with active status Show isdn status - shows if SPIDs are valid, if connected Show mac-address-table - contents of the dynamic table Show protocols - routed protocols and net_addresses of interfaces Show running-config - dram config file Show sessions - connections via telnet to remote device Show startup-config - nvram config file Show terminal - shows history size Show trunk a/b - trunk stat of port 26/27 Show version - ios info, uptime, address of switch Show vlan - all configured vlan’s Show vlan-membership - vlan assignments Show vtp - vtp configs
